Accordingly, it is suggested that the original classification be extended by subclassifying one large group of unstable angina patients, ie, those with angina at rest within the past 48 hours (class IIIB), into troponin-positive (T pos) and troponin-negative (T neg) patients. Particularly, cardiac-specific troponin T and troponin I have been shown to represent the best predictors of early risk in patients with angina at rest. Subsequently, improved markers of myocardial injury, acute-phase proteins, and hemostatic markers that may be associated with clinical outcomes have been identified. In recent years, the pathophysiological roles of platelet activation and inflammation in unstable angina have been elucidated. It has been used to categorize patients in many large clinical trials. This system was then validated by prospective clinical studies to correlate with the prognosis and was linked to angiographic and histological findings. A decade ago, a classification of unstable angina based on clinical symptoms was introduced. Customer Service and Ordering InformationĪbstract-Unstable angina is a critical phase of coronary heart disease with widely variable symptoms and prognosis.Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology.Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA).Circ: Cardiovascular Quality & Outcomes.Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB).

Timi flow classification